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ZIMSEC O LEVEL SOCIOLOGY 4045 PAPER 1. NOVEMBER 2022 SESSION

Time:       2hours 30minutes Answer any five questions 1. Sociologists are found in both public and private sectors carrying out dillerent tasks. (a) Who is a sociologist? [2) (b) List any four career opportunities for sociologists. [4) (c) Deseribe any three characteristics of sociology. |6) (d) Explain any four benefits of sociology to the society.(8) 2 .Blended families are increasingly becoming common in modern society. (a) What is a blended family?(2) (b) Describe any two advantages of blended families.(4) (C) Explain any three challenges facing blended families.(6) (d) Discuss ways of managing a blended family.(8) 3. Cultural diversity is a characteristic of modern society. (a) What is cultural diversiny?(2) (b) Describe any two advantages of cultural diversity.(4) (C) Explain any three challenges cultural diversity can cause to the society.(6) (d) Suggest any four ways individuals can preserve cultural heritage.(8) 4. Informal education starts the day a child ...

DEFINITIONS OF POVERTY

There are  three different ways of defining poverty. Absolute or subsistence poverty This is measured by estimating a list of the basic necessities of life. They may include the number of calories and amount of protein to sustain life; quality of accommodation; availability ofmedical facilities to maintain good health, and even the availability of educational, leisure and cultural facilities. Relative poverty This is measured in terms of assessments by people in society as to what is considered to be an acceptable standard of living at a particular time. Lafitte says it must be assessed in the context of the community's prevailing standards. Townsend says people could be poor where their resources are so seriously below those commanded by the average person that they are excluded from ordinary living patterns. Holman (Poverty) says it is concerned with the lowest incomes, being too far removed from the rest of the community. Subjective poverty This refers to the subjective attitude...